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Are Born Again Christians Now the Righteousness of God?

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This article is about the Christian term. For other uses, see Born Once more.

Evangelical Christian term

Born over again, or to feel the new nascency, is a phrase, specially in evangelicalism, that refers to a "spiritual rebirth", or a regeneration of the human spirit. In contrast to ane'southward physical nascence, being "born again" is distinctly and separately caused past baptism in the Holy Spirit, it is non caused by baptism in water. It is a core doctrine of the denominations of the Methodist, Quaker, Baptist, and Pentecostal Churches along with all other evangelical Christian denominations. All of these Churches strongly believe Jesus' words in the Gospels: "You must be born over again before y'all tin can see, or enter, the Kingdom of Sky." Their doctrines as well mandate that to be both "built-in again" and "saved", one must have a personal and intimate relationship with Jesus Christ.[one] [2] [three] [4] [5] [half dozen]

In contemporary Christian usage and autonomously from evangelicalism, the term is distinct from similar terms which are sometimes used in Christianity in reference to a person who is beingness or becoming a Christian. This usage of the term is usually linked to baptism with water and the related doctrine of baptismal regeneration. Individuals who profess to be "built-in once again" (meaning in the "Holy Spirit") often state that they have a "personal relationship with Jesus Christ".[7] [5] [6]

In addition to using this phrase with those who practice non profess to exist Christians, some Evangelical Christians apply the phrase and evangelize those who belong to other Christian denominations or groups. This practice is based on the belief that not-Evangelical Christians, fifty-fifty those Christians who are professed Christians, are not "born again" and do not have a "personal human relationship with Jesus." They therefore believe that they should deliver to non-Evangelical Christians in the same way that they would evangelize to people who practice not profess the Christian religion.

The phrase "born again" is also used as an adjective to describe individual members of the movement who espouse this belief, and it is also used every bit an describing word to describe the motility itself ("born-again Christian" and the "built-in-again move").

Origin [edit]

Jesus and Nicodemus painting past Alexander Bida, 1874

The term is derived from an outcome in the Gospel of John in which the words of Jesus were not understood by a Jewish pharisee, Nicodemus.

Jesus replied, "Very truly I tell y'all, no one tin can see the kingdom of God unless they are born again." "How can someone exist born when they are sometime?" Nicodemus asked. "Surely they cannot enter a second time into their mother's womb to be born!" Jesus answered, "Very truly I tell yous, no one can enter the kingdom of God unless they are built-in of h2o and the Spirit."

—Gospel of John, John chapter three, verses 3–5, NIV[8]

The Gospel of John was written in Koine Greek, and the original text is ambiguous which results in a double entendre that Nicodemus misunderstands. The word translated as again is ἄνωθεν (ánōtʰen), which could mean either "again", or "from above".[9] The double entendre is a effigy of speech that the gospel writer uses to create cliffhanger or misunderstanding in the hearer; the misunderstanding is then clarified by either Jesus or the narrator. Nicodemus takes merely the literal meaning from Jesus's statement, while Jesus clarifies that he means more of a spiritual rebirth from above. English language translations take to pick ane sense of the phrase or another; the NIV, King James Version, and Revised Version use "born again", while the New Revised Standard Version[10] and the New English Translation[11] adopt the "born from above" translation.[12] Near versions will annotation the alternative sense of the phrase anōthen in a footnote.

Edwyn Hoskyns argues that "born from above" is to be preferred as the fundamental meaning and he drew attention to phrases such as "birth of the Spirit",[13] "nascency from God",[14] merely maintains that this necessarily carries with it an emphasis upon the newness of the life as given past God himself.[xv]

The concluding use of the phrase occurs in the First Epistle of Peter, rendered in the King James Version as:

Seeing ye accept purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned dearest of the brethren, [see that ye] dear i some other with a pure heart fervently: / Being born once again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the discussion of God, which liveth and abideth for e'er.

—1 Peter ane:22-23[16]

Here, the Greek word translated as "born again" is ἀναγεγεννημένοι ( anagegennēménoi ).[17]

Interpretations [edit]

The traditional Jewish understanding of the promise of conservancy is interpreted equally being rooted in "the seed of Abraham"; that is, physical lineage from Abraham. Jesus explained to Nicodemus that this doctrine was in error—that every person must accept two births—natural birth of the physical torso and some other of the water and the spirit.[18] This discourse with Nicodemus established the Christian conventionalities that all human beings—whether Jew or Gentile—must exist "born again" of the spiritual seed of Christ. The Apostle Peter further reinforced this understanding in one Peter 1:23.[19] [17] The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "[a] controversy existed in the primitive church building over the interpretation of the expression the seed of Abraham. Information technology is [the Apostle Paul's] pedagogy in one instance that all who are Christ's by faith are Abraham's seed, and heirs according to promise. He is concerned, still, with the fact that the promise is not being fulfilled to the seed of Abraham (referring to the Jews)."[20]

Charles Hodge writes that "The subjective alter wrought in the soul by the grace of God, is variously designated in Scripture" with terms such every bit new birth, resurrection, new life, new creation, renewing of the mind, dying to sin and living to righteousness, and translation from darkness to light.[21]

Jesus used the "birth" illustration in tracing spiritual newness of life to a divine beginning. Contemporary Christian theologians have provided explanations for "born from to a higher place" being a more accurate translation of the original Greek word transliterated anōthen. [22] Theologian Frank Stagg cites 2 reasons why the newer translation is pregnant:

  1. The emphasis "from above" (implying "from Sky") calls attention to the source of the "newness of life". Stagg writes that the word "again" does not include the source of the new kind of commencement;
  2. More personal improvement is needed. "a new destiny requires a new origin, and the new origin must be from God."[23]

An early example of the term in its more than modern employ appears in the sermons of John Wesley. In the sermon entitled A New Birth he writes, "none tin can exist holy unless he be born again", and "except he exist born once more, none can be happy even in this globe. For ... a man should not be happy who is not holy." Too, "I say, [a human] may be born once more and so become an heir of salvation." Wesley too states infants who are baptized are born once again, only for adults it is unlike:

our church supposes, that all who are baptized in their infancy, are at the same time born once more. ... But ... it is sure all of riper years, who are baptized, are non at the same time born again.[24]

A Unitarian piece of work called The Gospel Anchor noted in the 1830s that the phrase was not mentioned past the other Evangelists, nor by the Apostles except Peter. "Information technology was not regarded by whatever of the Evangelists but John of sufficient importance to record." It adds that without John, "we should inappreciably take known that it was necessary for one to be born over again." This suggests that "the text and context was meant to apply to Nicodemus particularly, and not to the world."[25]

Historicity [edit]

Scholars of historical Jesus, that is, attempting to ascertain how closely the stories of Jesus lucifer the historical events they are based on, generally treat Jesus's conversation with Nicodemus in John 3 with skepticism. It details what is presumably a individual conversation betwixt Jesus and Nicodemus, with none of the disciples seemingly attending, making it unclear how a tape of this conversation was acquired. In addition, the conversation is recorded in no other ancient Christian source other than John and works based on John.[26] Co-ordinate to Bart Ehrman, the larger result is that the same problem English translations of the Bible have with the Greek ἄνωθεν (anōthen) is a problem in the Aramaic language besides: in that location is no unmarried word in Aramaic that ways both "again" and "from above", yet the chat rests on Nicodemus making this misunderstanding.[27] As the conversation was between two Jews in Jerusalem, where Aramaic was the native linguistic communication, in that location is no reason to call back that they'd have spoken in Greek.[26] This implies that even if based on a real chat, the author of John heavily modified it to include Greek wordplay and idiom.[26]

Denominational positions [edit]

The Oxford Handbook of Faith and American Politics notes: "The GSS ... has asked a built-in-once more question on 3 occasions ... 'Would you lot say you lot take been 'born again' or accept had a 'built-in-again' feel?" The Handbook says that "Evangelical, black, and Latino Protestants tend to reply similarly, with virtually two-thirds of each grouping answering in the affirmative. In dissimilarity, merely nigh one 3rd of mainline Protestants and i sixth of Catholics (Anglo and Latino) claim a built-in-over again feel." Withal, the handbook suggests that "built-in-again questions are poor measures even for capturing evangelical respondents. ... it is likely that people who report a built-in-again experience also claim it as an identity."[28]

Catholicism [edit]

Historically, the classic text from John three was consistently interpreted by the early church fathers as a reference to baptism.[29] Modernistic Catholic interpreters accept noted that the phrase 'born from above' or 'born again'[xxx] is clarified as 'being born of water and Spirit'.[31]

Catholic commentator John F. McHugh notes, "Rebirth, and the commencement of this new life, are said to come up about ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, of h2o and spirit. This phrase (without the article) refers to a rebirth which the early Church regarded as taking identify through baptism."[32]

The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC) notes that the essential elements of Christian initiation are: "declaration of the Give-and-take, credence of the Gospel entailing conversion, profession of organized religion, Baptism itself, and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and admission to Eucharistic communion."[33] Baptism gives the person the grace of forgiveness for all prior sins; it makes the newly baptized person a new animate being and an adopted son of God;[34] it incorporates them into the Trunk of Christ[35] and creates a sacramental bail of unity leaving an indelible marker on our souls.[36] "Incorporated into Christ by Baptism, the person baptized is configured to Christ. Baptism seals the Christian with the enduring spiritual mark (character) of his belonging to Christ. No sin can erase this mark, fifty-fifty if sin prevents Baptism from begetting the fruits of salvation. Given once for all, Baptism cannot exist repeated."[37] The Holy Spirit is involved with each attribute of the movement of grace. "The first work of the grace of the Holy Spirit is conversion. ... Moved by grace, man turns toward God and away from sin, thus accepting forgiveness and righteousness from on high."[38]

The Catholic Church also teaches that under special circumstances the need for water baptism can be superseded by the Holy Spirit in a 'baptism of desire', such as when catechumens die or are martyred prior to receiving baptism.[39]

Pope John Paul II wrote in Catechesi Tradendae near "the problem of children baptized in infancy [who] come for catechesis in the parish without receiving any other initiation into the faith and still without any explicit personal attachment to Jesus Christ.".[twoscore] He noted that "being a Christian means saying 'aye' to Jesus Christ, but permit u.s.a. remember that this 'yep' has 2 levels: It consists of surrendering to the word of God and relying on it, but it also means, at a afterwards stage, endeavoring to know better—and better the profound meaning of this give-and-take."[41]

The modern expression beingness "born once again" is really most the concept of "conversion".

The National Directory of Catechesis (published past the United States Briefing of Cosmic Bishops, USCCB) defines conversion as, "the acceptance of a personal relationship with Christ, a sincere adherence to him, and a willingness to adjust ane's life to his."[42] To put it more simply "Conversion to Christ involves making a genuine commitment to him and a personal determination to follow him as his disciple."[42]

Echoing the writings of Pope John Paul Two, the National Directory of Catechesis describes a new intervention required by our mod globe called the "New Evangelization". The New Evangelization is directed to the Church herself, to the baptized who were never effectively evangelized before, to those who accept never made a personal commitment to Christ and the Gospel, to those formed by the values of the secular culture, to those who have lost a sense of faith, and to those who are alienated.[43]

Declan O'Sullivan, co-founder of the Cosmic Men'southward Fellowship and knight of the Sovereign Armed forces Order of Republic of malta, wrote that the "New Evangelization emphasizes the personal encounter with Jesus Christ every bit a pre-condition for spreading the gospel. The built-in-again experience is non simply an emotional, mystical loftier; the actually important thing is what happened in the convert's life subsequently the moment or period of radical alter."[44]

Lutheranism [edit]

The Lutheran Church holds that "we are cleansed of our sins and built-in again and renewed in Holy Baptism by the Holy Ghost. But she also teaches that whoever is baptized must, through daily contrition and repentance, drown The Old Adam so that daily a new homo come up along and arise who walks earlier God in righteousness and purity forever. She teaches that whoever lives in sins after his baptism has again lost the grace of baptism."[45]

Moravianism [edit]

With regard to the New Birth, the Moravian Church holds that a personal conversion to Christianity is a blithesome experience, in which the individual "accepts Christ every bit Lord" after which religion "daily grows within the person."[46] For Moravians, "Christ lived as a man because he wanted to provide a pattern for future generations" and "a converted person could attempt to live in his image and daily get more like Jesus."[46] As such, "center religion" characterizes Moravian Christianity.[46] The Moravian Church has historically emphasized evangelism, particularly missionary work, to spread the faith.[47]

Anglicanism [edit]

The phrase born once more is mentioned in the 39 Manufactures of the Anglican Church in article Fifteen, entitled "Of Christ alone without Sin". In office, it reads: "sin, as S. John saith, was not in Him. But all nosotros the residual, although baptized and born over again in Christ, still offend in many things: and if nosotros say nosotros have no sin, nosotros deceive ourselves, and the truth is non in u.s.a.."[48]

Although the phrase "baptized and born again in Christ" occurs in Article Fifteen, the reference is clearly to the scripture passage in John 3:three.[49]

Reformed [edit]

In Reformed theology, Holy Baptism is the sign and the seal of one'south regeneration, which is of comfort to the believer.[l] The fourth dimension of one's regeneration, however, is a mystery to oneself according to the Canons of Dort.[50]

According to the Reformed churches being born once more refers to "the inward working of the Spirit which induces the sinner to respond to the effectual call". According to the Westminster Shorter Canon, Q 88, "the outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption are, his ordinances, especially the word, sacraments, and prayer; all of which are made effectual to the elect for conservancy."[51] Effectual calling is "the piece of work of God's Spirit, whereby, disarming the states of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he doth persuade and enable us to cover Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the gospel."[52] [53]

In Reformed theology, "regeneration precedes faith."[54] Samuel Storms writes that, "Calvinists insist that the sole cause of regeneration or being born once again is the will of God. God beginning sovereignly and efficaciously regenerates, and but in consequence of that exercise we act. Therefore, the individual is passive in regeneration, neither preparing himself nor making himself receptive to what God will practice. Regeneration is a modify wrought in u.s. by God, non an autonomous act performed by usa for ourselves."[55]

Quakerism [edit]

The Central Yearly Meeting of Friends, a Holiness Quaker denomination, teaches that regeneration is the "divine work of initial conservancy (Tit. 3:five), or conversion, which involves the accompanying works of justification (Rom. five:18) and adoption (Rom. 8:fifteen, 16)."[3] In regeneration, which occurs in the New Nascency], in that location is a "transformation in the heart of the believer wherein he finds himself a new creation in Christ (Ii Cor. v:17; Col. 1:27)."[3]

Following the New Birth, George Fox taught the possibility of "holiness of heart and life through the instantaneous baptism with the Holy Spirit subsequent to the new birth" (cf. Christian perfection).[56]

Methodism [edit]

In Methodism, the "new birth is necessary for conservancy because it marks the movement toward holiness. That comes with faith."[1] John Wesley, held that the New Birth "is that great change which God works in the soul when he brings it into life, when he raises it from the decease of sin to the life of righteousness."[58] [1] In the life of a Christian, the new nascence is considered the outset work of grace.[59] In keeping with Wesleyan-Arminian covenant theology, the Articles of Religion, in Article XVII—Of Baptism, state that baptism is a "sign of regeneration or the new nativity."[60] The Methodist Visitor in describing this doctrine, admonishes individuals: "'Ye must be built-in over again.' Yield to God that He may perform this work in and for you lot. Admit Him to your heart. 'Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and one thousand shalt be saved.'"[61] [62] Methodist theology teaches that the New Birth contains two phases that occur together, justification and regeneration:[63]

Though these two phases of the new nativity occur simultaneously, they are, in fact, two separate and singled-out acts. Justification is that gracious and judicial human action of God whereby a soul is granted complete absolution from all guilt and a total release from the penalty of sin (Romans 3:23-25). This act of divine grace is wrought past organized religion in the merits of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ (Romans five:1). Regeneration is the impartation of divine life which is manifested in that radical change in the moral grapheme of human being, from the love and life of sin to the love of God and the life of righteousness (two Corinthians five:17; 1 Peter i:23). ―Principles of Faith, Emmanuel Association of Churches[63]

Baptists [edit]

Baptists teach that a "person is built-in again when he/she repents of his/her sins and asks Jesus to forgive him/her and trust Jesus to serve him/her."[64] Those who take been born again, co-ordinate to Baptist pedagogy, know that they are "a child of God because the Holy Spirit witnesses to them that they are" (cf. assurance).[64]

Pentecostalism [edit]

Pentecost by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. Woodcut for "Die Bibel in Bildern", 1860.

Holiness Pentecostals historically teach the new nascency (first work of grace), unabridged sanctification (second piece of work of grace) and baptism with the Holy Spirit, equally evidenced by glossolalia, as the third work of grace.[65] [66] The New Nascency, according to Pentecostal instruction, imparts "spiritual life".[four]

Jehovah's Witnesses [edit]

Jehovah'southward Witnesses believe that individuals exercise non have the power to cull to be born again, but that God calls and selects his followers "from to a higher place".[67] Only those belonging to the "144,000" are considered to exist born once more.[68] [69]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints [edit]

The Book of Mormon emphasizes the demand for everyone to be reborn of God.[70]

Disagreements between denominations [edit]

The term "born over again" is used by several Christian denominations, only in that location are disagreements on what the term means, and whether members of other denominations are justified in claiming to be born-over again Christians.

Catholic Answers says:

Catholics should inquire [Evangelical] Protestants, "Are y'all born again—the fashion the Bible understands that concept?" If the Evangelical has not been properly h2o baptized, he has not been built-in again "the Bible way," regardless of what he may call up.[71]

On the other hand, an Evangelical site argues:

Another of many examples is the Catholic who claims he likewise is "built-in again." ... Nonetheless, what the committed Cosmic means is that he received his spiritual birth when he was baptized—either as an baby or when as an developed he converted to Catholicism. That's not what Jesus meant when He told Nicodemus he "must exist born once more."[72] The deliberate adoption of biblical terms which take different meanings for Catholics has become an effective tool in Rome's ecumenical agenda.[73]

The Reformed view of regeneration may be set autonomously from other outlooks in at least 2 ways.

Starting time, classical Roman Catholicism teaches that regeneration occurs at baptism, a view known as baptismal regeneration. Reformed theology has insisted that regeneration may take place at any fourth dimension in a person's life, even in the womb. Information technology is not somehow the automatic consequence of baptism. 2d, information technology is common for many other evangelical branches of the church to speak of repentance and faith leading to regeneration (i.eastward., people are built-in once again only later they exercise saving organized religion). By contrast, Reformed theology teaches that original sin and full depravity deprive all people of the moral ability and volition to practise saving faith. ... Regeneration is entirely the work of God the Holy Spirit - we tin do zero on our own to obtain it. God alone raises the elect from spiritual death to new life in Christ.[74] [75]

History and usage [edit]

Historically, Christianity has used various metaphors to describe its rite of initiation, that is, spiritual regeneration via the sacrament of baptism by the ability of the water and the spirit. This remains the mutual understanding in most of Christendom, held, for instance, in Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Lutheranism,[45] Anglicanism,[76] and in other historic branches of Protestantism. However, sometime after the Reformation, Evangelicalism attributed greater significance to the expression born again [77] as an feel of religious conversion,[78] symbolized by deep-h2o baptism, and rooted in a commitment to one'south own personal faith in Jesus Christ for salvation. This same belief is, historically, besides an integral function of Methodist doctrine,[79] [fourscore] and is connected with the doctrine of Justification.[81]

According to Encyclopædia Britannica:

'Rebirth' has often been identified with a definite, temporally datable course of 'conversion'. ... With the voluntaristic type, rebirth is expressed in a new alignment of the will, in the liberation of new capabilities and powers that were hitherto undeveloped in the person concerned. With the intellectual type, it leads to an activation of the capabilities for understanding, to the quantum of a "vision". With others it leads to the discovery of an unexpected beauty in the gild of nature or to the discovery of the mysterious meaning of history. With still others it leads to a new vision of the moral life and its orders, to a selfless realization of love of neighbour. ... each person affected perceives his life in Christ at any given fourth dimension as "newness of life."[82]

Co-ordinate to J. Gordon Melton:

Born again is a phrase used by many Protestants to describe the phenomenon of gaining faith in Jesus Christ. It is an feel when everything they accept been taught as Christians becomes existent, and they develop a direct and personal relationship with God.[83]

Co-ordinate to Andrew Purves and Charles Partee:

Sometimes the phrase seems to be judgmental, making a stardom between genuine and nominal Christians. Sometimes ... descriptive, like the distinction betwixt liberal and conservative Christians. Occasionally, the phrase seems celebrated, like the division between Cosmic and Protestant Christians. ... [the term] usually includes the notion of human choice in salvation and excludes a view of divine ballot by grace alone.[84]

The term born again has become widely associated with the evangelical Christian renewal since the belatedly 1960s, commencement in the United States and and so around the world. Associated perhaps initially with Jesus People and the Christian counterculture, born once again came to refer to a conversion experience, accepting Jesus Christ as lord and savior in order to be saved from hell and given eternal life with God in sky, and was increasingly used as a term to identify devout believers.[12] Past the mid-1970s, born again Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media as part of the born again move.

In 1976, Watergate conspirator Chuck Colson'south book Born Again gained international notice. Time magazine named him "One of the 25 virtually influential Evangelicals in America."[85] The term was sufficiently prevalent so that during the year'southward presidential campaign, Democratic party nominee Jimmy Carter described himself as "built-in again" in the kickoff Playboy mag interview of an American presidential candidate.

Colson describes his path to organized religion in conjunction with his criminal imprisonment and played a significant function in solidifying the "built-in once again" identity as a cultural construct in the US. He writes that his spiritual experience followed considerable struggle and hesitancy to have a "personal encounter with God." He recalls:

while I saturday alone staring at the sea I dearest, words I had not been certain I could empathise or say fell from my lips: "Lord Jesus, I believe in You. I accept Y'all. Delight come into my life. I commit it to You lot." With these few words...came a sureness of mind that matched the depth of feeling in my heart. There came something more: strength and tranquillity, a wonderful new assurance about life, a fresh perception of myself in the earth around me.[86]

Jimmy Carter was the get-go President of the Us to publicly declare that he was born-again, in 1976.[87] By the 1980 campaign, all three major candidates stated that they had been born again.[88]

Sider and Knippers[89] state that "Ronald Reagan's election that fall [was] aided by the votes of 61% of 'born-again' white Protestants."

The Gallup Organization reported that "In 2003, 42% of U.Due south. adults said they were built-in-again or evangelical; the 2004 percentage is 41%" and that, "Black Americans are far more likely to place themselves as built-in-again or evangelical, with 63% of blacks maxim they are born-again, compared with 39% of white Americans. Republicans are far more likely to say they are born-again (52%) than Democrats (36%) or independents (32%)."[ninety]

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, referring to several studies, reports "that 'born-again' identification is associated with lower support for regime anti-poverty programs." Information technology besides notes that "self-reported born-over again" Christianity, "strongly shapes attitudes towards economic policy."[91]

Names which have been inspired by the term [edit]

The thought of "rebirth in Christ" has inspired[92] some common European forenames: French René/Renée, Dutch Renaat/Renate, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Croation Renato/Renata, Latin Renatus/Renata, all of which hateful "reborn", "born again".[93]

See besides [edit]

  • Chantry call – Tradition in some Christian churches
  • Baptismal regeneration – Doctrines held past major Christian denomination
  • Born-once more virgin – Person who commits to abstinence after having had sexual intercourse
  • Child dedication – Human activity of induction of children
  • Jesus move – Former evangelical Christian movement
  • Dvija – Twice-born status of Hindu male after Upanayana
  • Evangelism – Preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ
  • Monergism – View within Christian theology
  • Sinner's prayer – Evangelical Christian term referring to whatever prayer of repentance

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c Joyner, F. Belton (2007). United Methodist Questions, United Methodist Answers: Exploring Christian Faith. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 39. ISBN9780664230395 . Retrieved ten April 2014. The new birth is necessary for conservancy because it marks the move toward holiness. That comes with faith.
  2. ^ Cathcart, William (1883). The Baptist Encyclopaedia: A Lexicon of the Doctrines, Ordinances ... of the Full general History of the Baptist Denomination in All Lands, with Numerous Biographical Sketches...& a Supplement. L. H. Everts. p. 834.
  3. ^ a b c Transmission of Faith and Exercise of Central Yearly Meeting of Friends. Central Yearly Meeting of Friends. 2018. p. 26.
  4. ^ a b Wood, William W. (1965). Culture and Personality Aspects of the Pentecostal Holiness Religion. Mouton & Company. p. 18. ISBN978-iii-11-204424-seven.
  5. ^ a b Bornstein, Erica (2005). The spirit of development: Protestant NGOs, morality, and economics in Republic of zimbabwe. Stanford University Press. ISBN9780804753364 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. A senior staff member in World Vision'south California office elaborated on the importance of being "built-in again," emphasizing a cardinal "relationship" betwixt individuals and Jesus Christ: "...the importance of a personal relationship with Christ [is] that information technology's not but a thing of going to Christ or being baptized when you are an infant. We believe that people need to be regenerated. They demand a spiritual rebirth. The demand to be built-in again. ...You must be built-in once again earlier you can run into, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven."
  6. ^ a b Lever, A. B. (2007). And God Said... ISBN9781604771152 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. From speaking to other Christians I know that the distinction of a born again laic is a personal experience of God that leads to a personal relationship with Him.
  7. ^ Price, Robert 1000. (1993). Across Born Over again: Toward Evangelical Maturity. Wildside Press. ISBN9781434477484 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. I accept a personal human relationship with Jesus Christ.
  8. ^ John 3:3-5
  9. ^ Danker, Frederick W., et al, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed (Chicago: Academy of Chicago,2010), 92. Specifically see the kickoff (from above) and fourth (again, anew) meanings.
  10. ^ Jn 3:3 Internet
  11. ^ Jn three:3 Cyberspace
  12. ^ a b Mullen, MS., in Kurian, GT., The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization, J. Wiley & Sons, 2012, p. 302.
  13. ^ Jn 1:5
  14. ^ cf. Jn 1:12-13; 1Jn ii:29, 3:9, 4:7, five:18
  15. ^ Hoskyns, Sir Edwyn C. and Davy, F.N.(ed), The Fourth Gospel, Faber & Faber 2nd ed. 1947, pp. 211,212
  16. ^ 1Peter 1:22-23
  17. ^ a b Fisichella, SJ., Taking Away the Veil: To See Beyond the Pall of Illusion, iUniverse, 2003, pp. 55-56.
  18. ^ Emmons, Samuel B. A Bible Dictionary. BiblioLife, 2008. ISBN 978-0-554-89108-8.
  19. ^ 1Peter ane:23
  20. ^ Driscoll, James F. "Divine Promise (in Scripture)". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Visitor, 1911. xv Nov 2009.[one]
  21. ^ "Systematic Theology - Volume III - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". www.ccel.org . Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  22. ^ The New Testament Greek Dictionary. 30 July 2009.
  23. ^ Stagg, Evelyn and Frank. Woman in the Globe of Jesus. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1978. ISBN 0-664-24195-6
  24. ^ Wesley, J., The works of the Reverend John Wesley, Methodist Episcopal Church building, 1831, pp. 405–406.
  25. ^ LeFevre, CF. and Williamson, ID., The Gospel anchor. Troy, NY, 1831–32, p. 66. [2]
  26. ^ a b c Ehrman, Bart (2016). Jesus Before the Gospels: How the Earliest Christians Remembered, Changed, and Invented Their Stories of the Savior. HarperOne. pp. 108–109. ISBN978-0062285201.
  27. ^ "Biblical Errancy: The "Born Again" Dialogue In the Gospel of John". Biblical Errancy . Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  28. ^ The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, OUP, p16.
  29. ^ Joel C. Elworthy, Ed. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, New Testament IVa, John 1-x (Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 2007), p. 109-110
  30. ^ John 3:three
  31. ^ John 3:5
  32. ^ John F. McHugh, John one-iv, The International Critical Commentary (New York: T&T Clark, 2009), p. 227
  33. ^ CCC 1229
  34. ^ ii Corinthians 5:17; 2 Peter 1:4
  35. ^ Ephesians 4:25
  36. ^ CCC 1262-1274
  37. ^ CCC 1272
  38. ^ CCC 1989
  39. ^ CCC 1260
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  41. ^ CT 20
  42. ^ a b U.s. Conference of Catholic Bishops, National Directory of Catechesis (2005) p. 48
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  46. ^ a b c Atwood, Scott Edward (1991). "An Instrument for Awakening": The Moravian Church building and the White River Indian Mission. College of William & Mary. p. 7, fourteen, xx-24.
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  61. ^ The Methodist Visitor. Elliot Stock, 62, Paternoster Row, E.C. 1876. p. 137. Ye must exist built-in again." Yield to God that He may perform this work in and for you. Admit Him to your heart. "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and one thousand shalt exist saved.
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  65. ^ The Westward Tennessee Historical Society Papers – Event 56. West Tennessee Historical Society. 2002. p. 41. Seymour'southward holiness background suggests that Pentecostalism had roots in the holiness movement of the tardily nineteenth century. The holiness movement embraced the Wesleyan doctrine of "sanctification" or the second piece of work of grace, subsequent to conversion. Pentecostalism added a third work of grace, chosen the baptism of the Holy Ghost, which is ofttimes accompanied by glossolalia.
  66. ^ The Encyclopedia of Christianity. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 1999. p. 415. ISBN9789004116955. While in Houston, Texas, where he had moved his headquarters, Parham came into contact with William Seymour (1870–1922), an African-American Baptist-Holiness preacher. Seymour took from Parham the teaching that the baptism of the Holy Spirit was non the blessing of sanctification, only rather a 3rd work of grace that was accompanied by the experience of tongues.
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  80. ^ Smith, Charles Spencer; Payne, Daniel Alexander (1922). A History of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Johnson Reprint Corporation. Retrieved xix October 2009. Whatever the Church may do, and there is much that it can and should do, for the betterment of human'south physical being, its primal piece of work is the regeneration of man'due south spiritual nature. Methodism has insisted on this as the supreme stop and aim of the Church.
  81. ^ Southey, Robert; Southey, Charles Cuthbert (sixteen March 2010). The Life of Wesley: And the Rise and Progress of Methodism. Nabu Printing. p. 172. Retrieved 5 July 2011. Continued with his doctrine of the New Nascency was that of Justification, which he affirmed to be inseparable from information technology, however easily to be distinguished, equally being non the same, but of a widely unlike nature. In order of time, neither of these is earlier the other; in the moment we are justified by the grace of God, through the redemption that is in Jesus, we are too born of the Spirit; but in guild of thinking, as it is termed, Justification precedes the New Birth.
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  88. ^ Utter, GH. and Tru, JL.,Conservative Christians and political participation: a reference handbook, ABC-CLIO, 2004, p. 137.
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External links [edit]

  • The New Birth, John Wesley, sermon No. 45. Wesley's instruction on being built-in again, and argument that information technology is key to Christianity.

glasskitn1955.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_again

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